Posts Tagged ‘pests’

Celebrate the holidays pest, worry free

Friday, December 21st, 2012

Written by: Robin L. Tabuchi, Research Entomologist, University of California, Berkeley.

Winter is here, and although we are less likely to encounter pests this time of year, we need to ensure pest prevention occurs year round. In between sipping your hot chocolate, opening gifts, and enjoying the company of your family, take a few minutes to read these holiday season tips.

Firewood Forethought. Cuddling in front of a fire is a winter tradition. Whether you are traveling to visit relatives or staying home for the holidays, bear in mind that firewood needs to stay local. Why? Tree-destroying insects and diseases are commonly found in firewood. On their own they can’t disperse far, but in the bed of someone’s truck they can disperse hundreds of miles. Our forests and houses are vulnerable to infestation from these introduced pests. It is recommended that you purchase local firewood and do not move it more than 10 miles. Visit http://www.dontmovefirewood.org for more information about preventing the movement of forest pests and your state’s regulations for moving fire wood.

If you are home for the holidays, make sure you also store firewood properly.  Termites are decomposers and will feast on firewood just like a fallen tree in the forest. Store firewood away from your house and stack it on concrete blocks. This helps limit the amount of soil-to-wood contact, which makes it easier to spot termite mud tubes, and increases the distance a termite would have to travel to feast on your house.

Unwanted Guests. No, I don’t mean relatives! I’m talking about pests that like to hitchhike while we travel or overwinter in our warm, cozy homes. Two unwanted guests that come to mind are bed bugs and rodents. Read, “Don’t bring bed bugs back as souvenirs,” for some tips to avoid bringing bed bugs home. If weather permits, take a quick walk around your house and search for holes in the roof and crawl space vents, and gaps under doors. Seal them with fine mesh screen to limit entry points for mice and rats.

Protect Your Pets. Like many of you, my pets are considered family members. Their safety is just as important as my child’s. Pet hospitals see a large increase in patients around the holidays. As holiday gifts arrive, please ensure the contents will not harm your pet in case it decides to open one without your knowledge. Keep gifts containing chocolate and strongly scented items somewhere your pet can’t access them. Decorations and holiday plants also can be harmful. Christmas trees, poinsettias, mistletoe and holly, can be toxic to dogs and cats if ingested. Ornaments, tinsel, and ribbons, can cause blockages if swallowed. Protect your furry family member this holiday by limiting access to these items.

As 2012 comes to an end, I wish all of you a very special holiday season and a happy New Year!

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Trivia Thursday: How much do you REALLY know about the Asian longhorned beetle?

Thursday, October 18th, 2012

Adult Asian longhorned beetle. Image and cutline courtesy of USDA National Agricultural Library Image Galleries. Photo by Michael Smith.

Adult Asian longhorned beetle. Image and cutline courtesy of USDA National Agricultural Library Image Galleries. Photo by Michael Smith.

Asian longhorned beetles (ALB) recently have been infesting and killing trees across the country. After being introduced to the U.S. from Asia, experts now consider the beetle to be one of the most destructive invasive insects. The pest is most active in the summer and early fall, and ALB infestation has resulted in the death and removal of more than 30,000 trees. Do you know how to look for signs of an ALB infestation? Do you know the tips on how to save the trees at risk? Keep reading to help stop the beetles from destroying your trees.

The Asian longhorned beetle is harmful to humans, pets and trees. True or False?

False. The ALB is extremely harmful to trees, but not humans or pets! These beetles are about 1 inch in length. They have long antennae banded with black and white, as well as shiny black bodies with white spots and six legs. They can be found on tree branches, walls, outdoor furniture, cars and sidewalks. During the winter months, the beetle chews holes into the tree bark and lays an egg. Once the eggs evolve into larvae, they tunnel deeper, feeding off the trees they infest. When winter is over, the adult beetles chew their way out of the tree, leaving dime-sized holes. The beetle’s lifecycle can harm trees, resulting in fungal growth, structural weakness, disruption of vascular tissues, and ultimately, tree death.

Property owners can prevent infestation and help save trees. True or False?

True. Taking steps to prevent the spread of the ALB is extremely important. Here are the best ways to prevent the ALB from attacking your trees.

  1. Purchase firewood where you plan on burning it. This means the wood was cut within 50 miles of where you will build your fire. Moving firewood can cause the ALB to be transported to new sites. Even wood that appears clean and healthy can be infested, so it’s best to always leave firewood at home.
  2. Diversify the trees you plant. If you’re in a regulated or quarantined area for the beetles, it’s best to avoid planting ALB host trees. These include maple, birch, horse chestnut, polar, willow, elm, ash, mimosa, hackberry, sycamore, mountain ash and London plane. You should inspect your trees regularly to look for signs of infestation, which may include dime-sized holes or sawdust-like material, called frass.
  3. Report any signs of ALB activity and allow officials to perform surveys on your property. Reporting signs helps officials collect many data points and informs them as to which trees should be removed to prevent further infestation. To eliminate infested areas, some jurisdictions opt to cut and chip and some choose to burn the infested trees. Additionally, the use of the insecticide imidacloprid has been shown to decrease ALB populations and also has been used to prevent the spread of ALB. The insecticide is injected into the tree trunk or soil, with supervision by the USDA, and targets the tree’s active growth area where the beetle feeds and lays eggs.

For more information on ALB, contact your local tree service professionals — http://beetlebusters.info/

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Day 5 of NIAP Week: Treating Pest Problems

Friday, October 5th, 2012

Today is the final day of National Inspect and Protect Week. So far this week, we’ve covered all but the final step of the INSPECT (INvestigate, Study, Prepare, Eliminate, Clean, and Treat) process. Today we’re going to share more about how to treat and manage your pest problems.

The INSPECT process is a comprehensive method that works best when all the steps are accurately followed. Treating your pest problems without first investigating or studying only will allow for continued and reoccurring problems. Dedicating time and effort to each step will yield the most beneficial results in safeguarding your home from adverse health effects and costly structural damage these pests can cause.

There are multiple pest management options available, and many can be combined for the most effective results. Combining multiple methods is also known as Integrated Pest Management or IPM.  If you choose to apply a pesticide to rid your problems, make sure you have properly identified the pest and use only the appropriate pesticides and amounts for treatment. Reading and following the label when using any pesticide product is the law. Following label instructions ensures the pesticide is used in a safe manner and that the product is the right one to treat your specific problem. Familiarizing yourself with the problems at hand and available treatment procedures will make sure you’ve found the best product for your situation. If you ever have questions or can’t make the application yourself, contact pest or lawn care professionals for support.

Learn more about purchasing a pest control product here, and watch extension specialist Janet Hurley’s video for inside pointers on treating your home. Remember to follow the INSPECT (INvestigate, Study and Prepare, Eliminate, Clean and Treat) process for taking strategic approaches in identifying, controlling and preventing against unwarranted invaders.

For any information you may have missed or for additional tips, visit Debug the Myths to help you solve those unwanted pest problems.

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Day 3 of NIAP Week: Eliminating Entry Ways for Pests

Wednesday, October 3rd, 2012

Today is the third day of National Inspect and Protect Week. In the past couple of days, we’ve read an account from guest blogger Bobby Kossowicz, mother of two, about her experience removing mice from her country home, and we’ve also promoted investigating, studying and preparing for pest problems. The next step in the INSPECT (INvestigate, Study, Prepare, Eliminate, Clean and Treat) process is to eliminate any entry ways for pests into your home.

Pests like mice, spiders, and ants seek places that fill their basic survival needs of food, water, and shelter. These three conditions are what prompt these creepy crawlers to invade your home and establish it as their own place to live and breed. Often, you can cut off their life support by eliminating one of these three key elements.  Doing so requires physical action.

In the elimination step, you actually take action to reduce or prevent pest invasions by enacting a variety of preventative methods you considered appropriate for your home environment during the previous steps in the INSPECT process.

To effectively pest-proof your home, you are going to have to start by fixing problem areas both inside and outside of your home. The key is to tackle any problems before they become too overwhelming. Employing a good preventative strategy beforehand will save you time and money in the long run.

  • Eliminate water. Remove standing water outside from bird baths, lined gutters, wheelbarrows, and inside from sinks and showers. Fix any leaky pipes both inside and out that may provide a source of water these annoyances. A lack of water will make it harder for bugs to reproduce.
  • Eliminate food. Keeping a clean kitchen can go a long way in making your home less attractive to pests. Sweeping for crumbs that may have fallen and keeping food tightly sealed in containers will make it harder for these bugs to find food.
  • Eliminate shelter. This action is probably the best line of defense against pests entering your home environment. In the investigate step, we learned that pests can wiggle their way into your homes through openings as small as one quarter of an inch. A simple solution is to seal up these tiny cracks and crevices with caulk from your local hardware store.

Inside your home, caulking around all doors, windows and window seals where tiny bugs can easily penetrate can prove invaluable, especially in older homes that have settled and might have more points of entry for pests.  Check under sinks for the space around where the pipes enter and make sure to seal this area too.

Now take a walk along the exterior of your home — where most pests come from. It is extremely important to seal all windows and doors with gaps that could serve as access points. Chances are, if air and light can pass through, so can pests. So even if you think the crack may be too small, seal it anyway.

Trim trees and bushes near homes so they do not provide direct routes for pests into your home. A good rule of thumb is to leave 18 inches from the plant to the foundation. Consider mowing and weeding often to reduce creating a safe haven for pesky creatures.

Most preventative methods require a little extra time but using these solution suggestions and others found at www.debugthemyths.com will be a lot less expensive than hiring a professional exterminator. Be sure to also check out Janet Hurley’s video for more tricks on eliminating pest entry.

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Spotlight: Western Subterranean Termite

Friday, August 3rd, 2012

(Reticulitermes hesperus)


Written by: Robin L. Tabuchi, Research Entomologist, University of California, Berkeley.

Imagine you are buying a house and it’s time for the pest management professional (PMP) to conduct an inspection. When you get the report, you are disappointed to learn the house has subterranean termites. You are now reconsidering the purchase and anxiously searching the web for information on termites. The scenario is much more common than you might think. For example, it’s estimated that 1 in 5 homes in California have been or will be munched on by subterranean termites.

Subterranean termites live underground and build tunnels to access above-ground wood. They are social insects and live in colonies with a queen and king, workers and soldiers. Each member of the colony has its own job to ensure survival. Mature colonies can range from 5,000 to 500,000 individuals.

Fun Fact: In order to create new colonies, winged termites fly on warm, sunny days following rain in late spring and fall. They pair as kings and queens, shed their wings and burrow into the soil. A queen can live many years, but once she dies, it doesn’t necessarily mean the colony dies. There are additional members of the colony that begin to lay eggs.

How do you treat a house for subterranean termites? When treating for subterranean termites, it’s imperative to treat the whole colony — not just those that are foraging on the wood in the house. Treating infestations usually requires an integrated pest management approach; using methods such as habitat modification, physical and chemical barriers, and baiting. Each particular house will have a different treatment plan. Treatment options depend on variables such as the type of foundation, soil content, where the infestation is located in the structure, and personal preference. Talk to a pest management professional about the different treatment options and costs best suited for your situation.

How soon do I need to treat? A Western subterranean termite colony eats less than an ounce of wood per day. In comparison, Formosan subterranean termite colonies (found in Southern states) can consume a pound of wood per day. This would represent an 8-foot-long 2×4 every two weeks. So, depending on how bad the infestation is and if there is structural damage or not, you may have time. Consider your treatment options and get multiple quotes. Many times you can negotiate treatment costs to be paid by the seller.

Armed with information you are now ready to make a decision about the house. Western subterranean termites are common, but finding the perfect house is rare. Even if you find a house that is free from termites, remember this: Individual subterranean termites can travel many feet per day. A single colony can forage from a distance of several feet to more than 100 feet. So, as long as we build our houses out of wood, you will likely encounter subterranean termites. Fortunately, controlling them with an integrated pest management (IPM) approach will greatly decrease your likelihood of experiencing severe subterranean termite damage.

Photo courtesy of Robin Tabuchi

Western subterranean termites. Photo courtesy of Robin Tabuchi

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Trivia Thursday: How much do you REALLY know about fire ants?

Thursday, August 2nd, 2012

Many people know that if you step on a fire ant mound, you’re probably going to get bitten. Do you know what to do if they attack you or your child? How much do you REALLY know about fire ants?!

It only takes fire ants 10 seconds to swarm when they’ve been disturbed. True or False?

True. Most fire ants only attack people or animals when their mounds are disturbed or they feel threatened. However, once bothered, it only takes 10 seconds for a swarm of angry fire ants to attack. The swarm tends to climb very quickly in a vertical direction — such as up your legs (yikes!) if you walk into their mound. Fire ant bites inflict a burning sensation and cause the development of small bumps on the skin that turn red and fill with white fluid a few days later.

Keep your wilderness wits about you and watch your step to avoid their mounds. If you’re ever attacked, quickly brush the ants off your skin and move away from the area. A few methods will help reduce the severity of ant bites:

  • Wash the area with soap and water
  • Apply ice
  • Take an antihistamine
  • Apply a paste of baking soda and water to help swelling and itching
  • Avoid scratching the area

While most people do not experience symptoms beyond those mentioned above, children or people allergic to fire ants might suffer more. Seek emergency medical help immediately if you or someone else experiences:

  • Chest pain
  • Severe sweating
  • Loss of breath
  • Serious swelling
  • Slurred speech

Fire ants only live in dirt mounds outside. True or False?

False. While fire ants tend to nest outdoors in mounds built of dirt, other environmental factors, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause them to seek new dwelling places — such as your home or office. In search of dry areas and access to food sources, these unwelcomed guests have been known to invade and colonize in the walls of buildings, pipes, plumbing units, under sidewalks and even automobiles, among other places. Indoor infestation can quickly cause damage to light and other electrical fixtures, air conditioners and building structures.

Fortunately, there are several control methods for fire ants. Some options include fumigation, baits, mechanical removal as well as other methods. Contact a local pest control professional to help identify the severity of the problem plus the best way to monitor and prevent future infestations.

In less than 10 seconds, an unwary scientist was stung more than 250 times on one leg when he carelessly knelt on a collapsed fire ant mound. The sterile pustules developed to this stage in three days. Image and cutline courtesy of USDA National Agricultural Library Image Galleries. Photo by Daniel Wojcik.

In less than 10 seconds, an unwary scientist was stung more than 250 times on one leg when he carelessly knelt on a collapsed fire ant mound. The sterile pustules developed to this stage in three days. Image and cutline courtesy of USDA National Agricultural Library Image Galleries. Photo by Daniel Wojcik.

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Celebrate National Picnic Month (Without the Pests)

Tuesday, July 31st, 2012

Ah, summertime. July is National Picnic Month and a great time to get out and enjoy a relaxing, outdoor picnic with families and friends. Unfortunately, certain uninvited guests — ants, mosquitoes, and ticks — can sometimes crash the festivities. Read on to see how you can prevent these pesky pests from ruining your scenic soirée!

Ants

With more than 12,000 species across the world, no outdoor venue lacks these six-legged pests. So how do you keep them from marching one-by-one into your next picnic?

Wipe down your picnic table with soap and water to rid the area of leftover food that alerts ants to your location. Also, make sure to set up far away from any existing ant hills!

Mosquitoes

These unwanted guests often arrive at your site as dusk approaches. Precautions are crucial with mosquitoes as many carry West Nile.

Encourage guests to use insect repellent on exposed skin and outer clothing to deter both mosquito bites and ticks.

Ticks

These difficult-to-detect bloodsuckers can transmit harmful diseases, such as Lyme disease, in less than a minute. Have guests wear protective clothing, avoid areas with heavy, unkempt brush and consider using chairs and fun picnic tables instead of sitting on the ground. Afterward, you and your fellow picnickers should inspect one another for ticks.

Outsmart the pesky picnic intruders, and you’ll want to continue dining al fresco all season long. For more information about controlling pests, contact your nearest vector control district.

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Don’t Bring Bed Bugs Back as Souvenirs

Friday, April 27th, 2012

Written by: Robin L. Tabuchi, Research Entomologist, University of California, Berkeley.

For many of us, summer vacation means spending time with family and friends, relaxing and travelling. Although I love travelling, there’s one pest I don’t look forward to sharing my vacation with; the infamous, blood-sucking bed bug! By now you’ve all heard of bed bugs, but you might not know how to avoid them.

Your bags are packed, the gas tank is full, and you’re ready to hit the road. Travelling can be quite an ordeal, and once you arrive at your destination, you’re tired and want to get settled in to your hotel room. Resist the temptation to unload everything from your car just yet. If you arrived by plane, either ask the hotel staff to bring your luggage up shortly, or take it with you and place it in the bathroom or non-carpeted entry. Now it’s time to inspect your room for bed bugs!

As with any pest, identifying it is the first step to protecting yourself and your belongings. Adult bed bugs are reddish-brown. Their bodies are oval and flattened, and they’re about the size of an apple seed. They don’t have wings, can’t jump, and only move by crawling. Bed bug nymphs are smaller in size and lighter than adults, but they look similar in appearance.

Photo courtesy of Robin Tabuchi

Photo courtesy of Robin Tabuchi

All bed bug nymphs and adults feed on blood. The nymphs need blood to molt and the adults need blood to mate and lay eggs. If a room has bed bugs, you’ll likely find fecal staining too (a.k.a. bed bug poop).  Fecal staining is light brown to black and looks like tiny drops of dried blood.

Bed bugs are very good at hiding and can fit into tiny cracks and crevices. Begin your inspection with the bed and headboard, because after all, they are called bed bugs! They like to stay somewhat close to their food source and typically feed at night. Pull the sheets back and check mattress seams for adults, nymphs or fecal staining. Slide a credit card between the top of the headboard and the wall or remove the headboard and peek behind it.

Search other upholstered furniture for signs of bed bugs and walk around the room looking for fecal staining on walls, other furniture items, and the luggage rack.

What happens if you find a bed bug? If you’re brave, capture a specimen or take a photo. Discuss what you found with the hotel management. Request a new room and then inspect that room too.

What should you do if you don’t find anything? Just because you didn’t find something doesn’t mean there aren’t bed bugs. Keep personal items and clothing in a designated area of the room away from the bed. Bag your dirty laundry within your suitcase. Once you return home, leave luggage outside or in the garage and unpack there. Inspect luggage for bed bugs and then wash and dry all of your clothing on the warmest setting.

Safe travels!

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Control Ticks to Control Lyme Disease

Friday, April 6th, 2012

Long History and High Rates

Lyme disease doesn’t just occur at high rates in Connecticut – the disease was named after the Connecticut community of Lyme. Now, more than three decades since the cluster of disease sufferers in Lyme inspired the name, the disease continues affecting our state significantly. Connecticut experiences more Lyme disease cases relative to state population as any state in the country[i] with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention confirming nearly 2,000 cases in 2010, alone.[ii] The Connecticut Department of Public Health says the continue prevalence of Lyme disease is due partly to “increased tick abundance” and “increased potential for contact with ticks.”[iii]

People suffering from Lyme disease can experience facial or Bell’s palsy, severe headaches and neck stiffness, pain and swelling in large joints and heart palpitations and dizziness. However, Lyme disease is difficult to diagnose as its symptoms can be attributed to other health problems. Left untreated, approximately 60 percent of Lyme disease sufferers experience arthritis, while 5 percent develop chronic neurological challenges months or years after the infection.[iv]

More (Hungry) Ticks = More Lyme

Lyme disease is a concern for Connecticut any year, but 2012 may prove to be a banner season for ticks. Experts have identified various factors that may increase Lyme disease risk this spring and summer. Recent news reports outline several ecological events leading to the predicted increase in Lyme disease:

  • Foxnews.com reported on March 23 that ecologists are blaming a bumper acorn crop followed by a poor crop, which led to a white-footed mouse population surge and subsequent decline, for an increase in hungry ticks looking for a mammal on which to latch. [v]
  • The New York Times noted on March 18 that entomologists say the mild winter is leading to increased tick activity earlier than normal and increased the opportunity for people and ticks to come into contact.[vi]
  • Richard Ostfeld, a disease ecologist for the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, says the warm weather and the lack of white-footed mice for hungry ticks to feed on, creates a perfect storm for an uptick in Lyme disease: hungry ticks, fewer food sources, and more active months to be on the prowl for a meal.[vii]

Important Tick-Fighting Tools

Controlling the tick population helps reduce the likelihood that unsuspecting athletes, campers, hikers, or anyone enjoying the outdoors will encounter hungry ticks. Thoughtful and careful use of pesticide products is an effective step in the process to protect Connecticut from more prevalent Lyme disease problems. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station says pesticides that target ticks (acaricides) are the “most effective way to reduce ticks, particularly when combined with landscaping changes to decrease habitat.”[viii] One application of insecticide targeted at tick habitat (not broad spraying) provides 85 to 90 percent control of tick populations.[ix]

[i]Lyme Disease. Connecticut Department of Public Health. http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&q=395590., Accessed 23 March 2012.

[ii] Reported Lyme Disease Cases by State. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&q=395590. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[iii] Lyme Disease. Connecticut Department of Public Health. http://www.ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&q=395590. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[iv] “Signs and Symptoms of Lyme Disease.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms/index.html. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[v] “Strange events will lead to increase of Lyme disease this year.” Foxnews.com. http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/03/22/strange-events-will-lead-to-increase-lyme-disease/. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[vi] “The Downside of a Balmy Winter? Long Walks with the Dog Aren’ts Carefree.” Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/us/a-mild-winter-means-a-longer-tick-season.html. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[vii] “Nature, the trickster.” Albany Times Union. http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Nature-the-trickster-3419367.php. 20 March 2012. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[viii] “Area-Wide Chemical Control of Ticks.” Tick Management Handbook. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/lyme/documents/handbook6.pdf. 2007. Accessed 23 March 2012.

[ix] Ibid.

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Day 4: Clean

Thursday, October 6th, 2011

Today, we are going to explore how to keep your house clean to ensure your home is consistently pest-free. Even the cleanest homes might occasionally encounter pest problems, but simple, frequent cleaning can greatly reduce the chances of pest invasions.

Insects and other critters will happily make themselves at home wherever there is food and water. Here are a few easy housekeeping tasks from Molly Maid for maintaining your home.

For keeping a tidy kitchen:

  • Clean daily around your refrigerator, stove, and dishwasher to remove any leftover food crumbs.
  • Wipe down all kitchen counters after every meal. Leftover food particles might be enough to attract these little critters for an unintended feast.
  • Before disposing of food containers and beverage cans, rinse them out.
  • Store pantry food in air tight containers.
  • Eat only in the kitchen and clean up after every meal. Limiting where you eat reduces the areas exposed to food residue, providing less risk for uninvited visitors.

In other areas inside your house, it is important to:

  • Get rid of the clutter—stacks of papers, piles of clothing, and unneeded boxes. Pests love to hide and a cluttered home becomes a pest’s paradise.
  • Pull beds away from the wall to lessen breeding grounds for bugs. Bugs like to nest in cool, dark spaces and exposing them will make these areas less desirable for local insects.
  • Dust and wipe down baseboards regularly to avoid attraction to the mess.
  • Properly clean all clothes before storing them in the back of your closet for winter.

When venturing outside, remember to:

  • Trim trees, bushes and other foliage that might be providing a highway into your home.
  • Remove any piles of leaves or debris that might be housing unwanted annoyances.

Following these suggestions may help you avoid the exterminator altogether. There is no need to give pests reasons to come searching for food and shelter in your home. You can watch Janet’s video here for more ways to keep your home clean and pest-free.

Don’t forget to send us any questions you may have and visit Debug the Myths to review any of the steps you have missed earlier in the week.

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